Intravenous lidocaine infusion for the treatment of acute pain in the pediatric intensive care unit: case series / Infusión de lidocaína endovenosa para el tratamiento de dolor agudo en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico: serie de casos

Abstract Introduction: The use of intravenous lidocaine infusion has increased over the past decade as part of a multimodal approach to analgesia in adults; however, information about its safety and tolerability in the pediatric population is limited. Methods: Acute pain management using lidocaine infusion in eleven patients treated in the pediatric intensive care unit. Results: Five cases of postoperative abdominal pain and six cases of non-operative abdominal pain. Two cases were cancer patients affected by neutropenic colitis. Analgesic control achieved was good. Conclusion: Lidocaine infusions are apparently a safe option for the management of acute pain, either post-operative or not, in the pediatric population.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de la infusión de lidocaína endovenosa ha aumentado en la última década como parte de un enfoque analgésico multimodal en los adultos; sin embargo, se dispone de información limitada sobre su seguridad y tolerabilidad en la población pediátrica. Métodos: Se presentan once casos de manejo de dolor agudo con lidocaína en infusión tratados en unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Resultados: Cinco casos fueron postoperatorio abdominal y seis casos tenían dolor abdominal no postoperatorio. Dos pacientes tenían cáncer y cursaban con colitis neutropénica. El control analgésico alcanzado fue bueno. Conclusión: Las infusiones de lidocaína parecen ser una opción segura para el manejo del dolor agudo ya sea posquirúrgico o no en la población pediátrica.

El trabajo de parto previo a la cesárea disminuye el riesgo de taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido. Servicio de Neonatología 2A - Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins en los años 2012-2013 / Obstetric labor before cesarean section reduces the risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology Service 2A - National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins in the years 2012-2013

Introducción: La taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (TTRN) es una entidad frecuente en neonatos a término nacidos por cesárea sin trabajo de parto. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de cesáreas, llegando a representar el 50 por ciento de los nacimientos, representando un impacto significativo a nivel de la salud, ya que existen estudios que evidencian una asociación entre cesárea electiva y morbilidad neonatal. Objetivo: Determinar si el trabajo de parto previo a la cesárea disminuye el riesgo de TTRN. Servicio de Neonatología 2A del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo, analítico, observacional, de cohorte retrospectivo, en el periodo 1/01/2012 al 31/12/2013. Se seleccionaron recién nacidos vivos, sin malformaciones, nacidos por cesárea, cuya causa sea una cesárea anterior, diferenciando dos grupos: recién nacidos por cesárea, sin trabajo de parto previo y recién nacidos por cesárea, con trabajo de parto previo. Resultados: Se atendieron 16 288 partos, 10 257 (62,97 por ciento) fueron cesáreas, siendo una de las causas más frecuentes, la cesárea anterior 2857 (27,85 por ciento). 2670 neonatos cumplieron los criterios de selección, en donde la incidencia de TTRN fue 2.47 por ciento (66/2670). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación a la presencia de TTRN entre el grupo de cesárea sin trabajo de parto previo respecto al grupo cesárea con trabajo de parto previo (p=0,835; RRAJ=1,029; 0,604-1,752). La incidencia de TTRN en el grupo masculino fue 3,14 por ciento (38/1209) superior al grupo femenino que fue 1,91 por ciento (28/1461). Con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,042; RRAJ=1,148; 1,01-1,848). Conclusiones: El trabajo de parto previo a la realización de una cesárea no disminuye el riesgo de TTRN, en el Servicio de Neonatología 2A del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, en los años 2012-2013.

Introduction: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is frequent in term infants born by cesarean section without prior labor. In recent years has increased the number of cesareans, accounting for 50 per cent of births, representing a significant impact in terms of health, as studies that show an association between elective caesarean section and neonatal morbidity. Objective: Determine if the prior labor to cesarean section reduces the risk of TTN. Neonatal Service 2A of the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Materials and Methods: A study, analytical, observational, retrospective cohort in the period 01/01/2012 to 31/12/2013 was conducted. We were selected alive newborns without malformations, born by cesarean section, the cause is a previous cesarean, distinguishing two groups: newborns by cesarean section without prior labor and newborns by cesarean section with prior labor. Results: 16 288 births were attended, 10.257 (62.97 per cent) were cesarean, one of the most common causes, previous cesarean section 2857 (27.85 per cent). 2670 infants met the selection criteria, where the incidence of TTN was 2.47 per cent (66/2670). There was no statistically significant difference in relation to the presence of TTN among the group of cesarean section without prior labor compared to the group of cesarean section with prior labor (p=0.835; RRAJ=1.029; 0.604-1.752). The incidence of TTN in males was 3.14 per cent (38/1209) than female group was 1.91 per cent (28/1461). With statistically significant difference (p=0.042; RRAJ=1.148; 1.01-1.848). Conclusions: The prior labor to performing a cesarean section does not reduce the risk of TTN in Neonatology 2A of National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins in the years 2012-2013.

Conduct after Epley's maneuver in elderly with posterior canal BPPV in the posterior canal.

UNLABELLED: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder, especially in the elderly and presents as the predominant etiology in this population of the degeneration of the utricular macula. AIM: To compare the effectiveness of the approaches after Epley maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: longitudinal cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 53 volunteers with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, divided into Group 1, who underwent Epley maneuver associated with the use of neck collar and post-maneuver instructions, Group 2 underwent the Epley maneuver without the use cervical collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions, and Group 3 underwent the Epley maneuver associated with the use of a mini vibrator, without the use of neck collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions. RESULTS: In the three groups, the number of Epley maneuvers ranged from one to three. We employed the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory - pre-and post-treatment and observed a statistically significant difference on most scores pre-and post-treatment for both groups. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the post Epley maneuver treatment selected for the treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, it was effective when comparing the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory pre-and post-treatment.

Condutas pós-manobra de Epley em idosos com VPPB de canal posterior / Conduct after Epley's maneuver in elderly with posterior canal BPPV in the posterior canal

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder, especially in the elderly and presents as the predominant etiology in this population of the degeneration of the utricular macula. AIM: To compare the effectiveness of the approaches after Epley maneuver. Study Design: longitudinal cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 53 volunteers with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, divided into Group 1, who underwent Epley maneuver associated with the use of neck collar and post-maneuver instructions, Group 2 underwent the Epley maneuver without the use cervical collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions, and Group 3 underwent the Epley maneuver associated with the use of a mini vibrator, without the use of neck collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions. RESULTS: In the three groups, the number of Epley maneuvers ranged from one to three. We employed the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory - pre-and post-treatment and observed a statistically significant difference on most scores pre-and post-treatment for both groups. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the post Epley maneuver treatment selected for the treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, it was effective when comparing the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory pre-and post-treatment.

A Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna é a mais comum das vestibulopatias periféricas, principalmente em idosos e apresenta como etiologia predominante nessa população à degeneração da mácula utricular. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia das condutas pós-manobra de Epley. Desenho do Estudo: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo longitudinal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 53 voluntários com Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna de canal semicircular posterior, distribuídos em Grupo 1, submetidos à manobra de Epley associada ao uso do colar cervical e orientações pós-manobra; Grupo 2 submetido a manobra de Epley sem uso do colar cervical e/ou restrições pós-manobra, e Grupo 3 submetido à manobra de Epley associada com o uso de um minivibrador, sem uso de colar cervical e/ou restrições pós-manobra. RESULTADOS: Nos três grupos, o número de manobras de Epley variou de uma a três. Aplicou-se o Dizziness Handicap Inventory brasileiro pré e pós-tratamento e observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa na maioria dos escores pré e pós-tratamento para os grupos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: Independentemente da conduta pós-manobra de Epley selecionada para o tratamento da Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna, essa se mostrou eficaz quando se comparou o Dizziness Handicap Inventory brasileiro pré e pós-tratamento.

Number of maneuvers need to get a negative Dix-Hallpike test.

UNLABELLED: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is one of the most common causes of dizziness. Its characteristic clinical profile is dizziness at head movements. The main diagnostic maneuver of posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the Dix-Hallpike test. If the maneuver is positive (vertigo and/or nystagmus), the physician can perform the Epley maneuver on the injured side. AIM: This paper aims at checking the number of maneuvers necessary for patients with posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo to have a negative Dix-Hallpike test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we carried out a retrospective analysis of 71 charts of patients with posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, who were treated with the modified Epley maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-Sectional Retrospective. RESULTS: We found that 76.00% of the patients analyzed had the symptoms completely resolved and negative Dix-Hallpike test with a single maneuver. CONCLUSION: Based on our results it is possible to conclude that the number of modified Epley maneuvers is variable depending on the etiology, being that the Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo secondary to the traumatic brain injury needed a greater number of maneuvers for Dix-Hallpike test to become negative.

Number of maneuvers need to get a negative Dix-Hallpike test / Número de manobras necessárias para a negativação do teste de Dix-Hallpike

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is one of the most common causes of dizziness. Its characteristic clinical profile is dizziness at head movements. The main diagnostic maneuver of posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the Dix-Hallpike test. If the maneuver is positive (vertigo and/or nystagmus), the physician can perform the Epley maneuver on the injured side. AIM: This paper aims at checking the number of maneuvers necessary for patients with posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo to have a negative Dix-Hallpike test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we carried out a retrospective analysis of 71 charts of patients with posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, who were treated with the modified Epley maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-Sectional Retrospective. RESULTS: We found that 76.00 percent of the patients analyzed had the symptoms completely resolved and negative Dix-Hallpike test with a single maneuver. CONCLUSION: Based on our results it is possible to conclude that the number of modified Epley maneuvers is variable depending on the etiology, being that the Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo secondary to the traumatic brain injury needed a greater number of maneuvers for Dix-Hallpike test to become negative.

A Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna é uma das causas mais comuns de tontura. Seu quadro clínico característico é tontura ao movimentar a cabeça. A principal manobra diagnóstica da Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna de canal posterior é o teste de Dix-Hallpike. Se a manobra for positiva (presença de vertigem e/ou nistagmo), indica-se realizar a manobra de reposicionamento de Epley do lado acometido OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o número de manobras necessárias para a negativação do teste de Dix-Hallpike em pacientes com Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna de canal posterior. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado uma análise retrospectiva de 71 prontuários de pacientes com Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna de canal posterior, os quais foram tratados com a manobra modificada de Epley. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Retrospectivo Transversal. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que 76,00 por cento dos pacientes analisados tiveram resolução completa dos sintomas e negativação do teste de Dix-Hallpike com apenas uma manobra. CONCLUSÃO: Diante destes resultados, podemos concluir que o número de manobras modificadas de Epley é variável de acordo com a etiologia, sendo que a Vertigem Postural Paroxística Benigna secundária ao traumatismo cranioencefálico necessitou de maior número de manobras para a negativação do teste de Dix-Hallpike.

Audiologic features of elderly with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

UNLABELLED: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of dizziness; it constitutes the most common vestibular disorder in the elderly with vertigo. Its characteristic clinical aspect is dizziness at head movement, with not hearing alteration. AIM: This paper aims at studying the audiologic characteristics of elderly with BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of threshold tonal audiometry exams of 37 senior citizens with posterior semicircular canal BPPV and also of 37 elderly without complaints of dizziness and/or vertigo, and we studied the audiologic characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: Both groups had high rates of hearing loss, especially the descending curve sensorineural type, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Having such data, we can conclude that posterior semicircular canal BPPV has no impact on the hearing loss features of senior citizens; nonetheless, because of the spontaneous degeneration of the vestibulocochlear system, such population has a prevalence of hearing loss.

Características audiológicas de idosos com Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna / Audiologic features of elderly with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

A Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna (VPPB) é uma das causas mais comuns de tontura, sendo a desordem vestibular mais comum em idosos vertiginosos. Seu quadro clínico característico é tontura ao movimentar a cabeça, com ausência de alterações auditivas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as características audiológicas de idosos com VPPB de canal posterior. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de exames de audiometria tonal limiar de 37 idosos com VPPB de canal posterior e de 37 idosos sem nenhuma queixa de tontura e/ou vertigem, sendo observadas as características audiológicas dos dois grupos estudados. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram altos índices de perda auditiva, sendo observada, predominantemente, perda auditiva do tipo neurossensorial descendente, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Diante desses dados, podemos concluir que a VPPB de canal posterior não tem influência sobre as características da perda auditiva em idosos, porém, devido à degeneração espontânea do sistema vestíbulo-coclear, tal população tem prevalência de perda auditiva.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of dizziness; it constitutes the most common vestibular disorder in the elderly with vertigo. Its characteristic clinical aspect is dizziness at head movement, with not hearing alteration. AIM: This paper aims at studying the audiologic characteristics of elderly with BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of threshold tonal audiometry exams of 37 senior citizens with posterior semicircular canal BPPV and also of 37 elderly without complaints of dizziness and/or vertigo, and we studied the audiologic characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: Both groups had high rates of hearing loss, especially the descending curve sensorineural type, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Having such data, we can conclude that posterior semicircular canal BPPV has no impact on the hearing loss features of senior citizens; nonetheless, because of the spontaneous degeneration of the vestibulocochlear system, such population has a prevalence of hearing loss.